Access control systems have changed and grown exponentially since they were first introduced. In 2009, amazingly, the majority of access control systems on the market continue to utilize the same basic technologies that were introduced in the late ‘60s: a combination of simplistic card readers lacking electronic intelligence, linked by multiple wires to a centralized power supply and a central control panel. This setup makes the “allow entry” decisions for the card or other credential presented at the door. These systems are energy hogs, they’re difficult to install and –more simply put- they’re a relic of past technology.
Then – A look back in access control history
The original access control system was a simple lock and key. Still in use today, keyed locks are easy to install and affordable, yet easy to break into. The first generation of automated door access systems used what would today be referred to as primitive readers with no intelligence which passed credential information -from a magnetic or RFID-enabled card- to a central control panel, which made the “allow entry” decision. The next generation of readers made slight improvements so that the reader could be connected to the control panel with an RS-485 bus and had enough intelligence to open the lock. These second-generation “semi-intelligent” readers however still passed the credential codes to the control panel so there was no improvement in either installation cost or energy consumption cost.
Although the advent of “intelligent” readers improved memory to allow access decisions to be made at the reader, independent of the control panel, the panel was still necessary since updates to the system and event histories were uploaded to it. Though some current panels have added the ability to connect to a network, they still offer no new advances in installation time, costs or energy consumption.
As shown below, the installation of even the most modern panel-based system remains a labor and cost intensive exercise. The panel also has the disadvantage of limitations to the number of doors supported per panel – typically 4, 8 or 16 doors depending on the brand and model. This means that adding just one more door to a full panel system necessitates the addition of another panel, thus increasing the cost on both a total system and a per-door basis. The ongoing operational costs of any panel-based system are also higher than the state-of-the-art ISONAS alternative for two reasons;
Panel-based systems must be maintained by specially trained personnel since they do not employ widely available computer standards of operations.
They consume significantly more energy
Now – Intelligent IP reader-controllers
Alternatives exist today that take advantage of modern computing and networking technologies to provide a number of significant improvements over panel-based systems by improving the basic functionality of access control systems, improving the overall security parameters of these systems, lowering the cost of installation, lowering energy usage associated with the system’s operation and easy integration with other security and building management systems.
The ISONAS Powernet Access Control System utilizes a customer’s existing Ethernet-based Internet Protocol (IP) network to link intelligent reader-controllers via a CAT5 or CAT6 cable -the same cables that provide power to the ISONAS reader allow data communications to any inexpensive standard Windows computer running the system’s access control software – the ISONAS Crystal Matrix Software System.
“Allow entry” decisions are made at the door by the intelligent PowerNet IP reader-controller with historical event data passed, on a periodic basis, to the host software. The PowerNet reader contains a list of individuals that are allowed entry to the door (cabinet, gate, etc.) along with the times or shifts that they are allowed entry. Management of the system is easily accomplished via web-based pages from any computer with access to the internet. Individual reader-controllers can be set to stay open for specified periods or to remain locked until an authorized user’s credential is presented. Requirements such as anti-pass back, holidays and other special actions are easily accomplished through the Windows-based management software. Should the network go down, the PowerNet reader-controller continues to function in “standalone mode” and automatically updates the Crystal Matrix software when the network comes back online.
With Power over Ethernet (PoE) made possible by using the customer’s existing Ethernet network and industry standard CAT5 or CAT6 cabling, the additional power sources and wires needed for a standard panel-based system are simply unnecessary. The PowerNet reader-controller, the magnetic lock or strike and all the typical accessories, such as request to exit (REX) devices and door sensors, are powered by low voltage PoE through the PowerNet reader-controller. The on-going power usage of the system as a whole is therefore significantly more efficient than with any panel system, and installation is accomplished much faster -and is more cost effective- than is possible with a panel-based system.
The PowerNet is designed for both indoor and outdoor use and since it is not encumbered by a control panel, it can be installed in virtually any location with no limitation on the number of doors or access points. Adding new doors is as simple as adding a single CAT5 cable to the existing network facilities, attaching the PowerNet, the appropriate lock and accessories to the entry point and programming the reader-controller via the reader’s web-based pages from any computer with access to the internet.
Since the PowerNet system is managed by a software system (the ISONAS Crystal Matrix Access Control Software System) that runs on a standard Windows-based server, and is accessible through the normal IP network, integrating the PowerNet reader-controller with a web-based video system, building management system or other electronic security system is quite easily accomplished. The combination of access control and IP video into a single platform not only optimizes security and efficiency during operations but it also minimizes the costs of hardware, maintenance, and training of security personnel.
With this platform in place, it can easily be expanded to create a complete IP-based security and process monitoring system. Perimeter security devices, motion detectors, and/or additional cameras for monitoring key operations can be quickly added to the infrastructure. As illustrated below, the installation of a combination of IP-based access control and video surveillance is more efficient and cost effective than the installation of panel-based system.
Summary
Utilizing the capabilities of PoE allows access control devices to break free from the limitations of a control panel. Today one of the major advantages brought by PoE to the security marketplace is the freedom to install reader-controllers virtually anywhere. In a traditional panel-based system if the control panel fails the functionality of all the doors in the system is lost, severely impacting facility security. With an ISONAS system if the reader-controller fails it is isolated to one door.
The reason for the reduced installation costs of the ISONAS system is simple: Since the IT infrastructure already has PoE built in, no additional power infrastructure needs to be added to support the access control system. The number of wiring terminations required for an ISONAS system versus a panel based system is significantly reduced since an electrician installing a panel-based system terminates the wire at a junction box near the door and runs proprietary wiring back to the control panel where it has to be terminated again. With the CAT5 wire installation of the ISONAS system, “termination” is a single wire per reader-controller, pulled by less expensive installation personnel (no electrician required since CAT5 is low voltage) and uses the same simple plug familiar to anyone who has ever plugged a laptop into a network.
The installation labor of an ISONAS system is typically at least 30% less than a comparably sized panel-based system.
With a lower manufacturing carbon footprint and the lower voltage required from the PoE ISONAS devices, access control can now legitimately claim to have gone “green” since the power usage of an ISONAS system is significantly lower over its lifetime than with any panel system.
And since the actual hardware cost of a panel system with all its pieces and parts is more expensive than the simpler but more powerful ISONAS IP-at-the-door reader-controller, the whole system is more cost effective than any alternative available. Better security combined with more cost effectiveness – the difference between THEN and NOW.
